Africa’s oil, gas sectors can consume Africa’s unemployed youth
Lazarus Sauti
Young people aged between 15 and 25 represent more than 60
percent of Africa’s total population and account for 45 percent of the total
labour force, says the African Economic Outlook.
It adds that unlike other developing regions, Africa’s
population is becoming more youthful, with youth as a proportion of the total
population projected at over 75 percent by 2015, due to the high fertility rate
underlying the demographic momentum.
Further, notes the African Economic Outlook, it is expected
that this increase in the number of young people will not decline before 20
years or more.
The challenge, therefore, is for African governments to
provide labour for this booming population. This means governments, private and
public sector players as well as development partners in the continent must
look for ways to consume unemployed youths.
One ways, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), is to
exploit oil, gas and mining sectors.
“The oil, gas and mining industries – currently
employing around 1 percent of Africa’s workforce – can do more to create more
stable, direct and indirect wage-paying jobs that not only promote economic
growth, but also protect the environment and foster social inclusion,” said the
UNCTAD.
In Africa, only around 5 million new jobs are
created for more than 12 million young women and men joining the labour force
every year, but an International Finance Corporation study in Ghana found, for
example, that the creation of one direct job in the mining sector could
generate 27 additional jobs in the wider economy.
Africa holds 8 percent of world oil reserves
and gas reserves, and the United States Geological Society ranks the continent
first or second in its share of world reserves of a long list of metals and
minerals, such as bauxite, chromite, cobalt, ilmenite, industrial diamond,
manganese, phosphate rock, platinum-group metals, rutile, soda ash, vermiculite
and zirconium.
The UNCTAD also said that the benefits that the
extractive industries could bring to developing countries include revenues for
host countries through production sharing arrangements, royalties and income
taxes.
“The development of the extractive industries
could also generate wider economic benefits and promote inclusive growth and
sustainable development.
“The extractive industries, given their capital
intensive nature, may not create many direct jobs, but their linkages with the
broader economy may help generate additional jobs.
“Through these linkages the sector is connected
with the suppliers of inputs; outputs are processed into added-value products;
demand is generated for locally produced goods and services; and an enabling
environment is created for new industries using skills and capabilities
acquired from the extractive industries,” added the UNCTAD.
To compare Africa’s potential with developed
country experience, a recent survey of the United States’ oil and gas industry
revealed that the industry as a whole generated over 9.3 million permanent jobs
across the nation, among which are 3.1 million jobs in retail trade, and half a
million jobs in health services.
Such jobs are not created automatically.
Targeted policies such as developing linkages,
removing entry barriers to specific industry value chains, building the
necessary infrastructure to attract investment, improving access to finance and
developing workforce skills needed, are crucial to expanding job opportunities
and increasing employment.
Artisanal mining, as a labour intensive mining
process, is, for example, well known to generate more direct and indirect jobs
than large-scale mining.
In Africa artisanal mining is estimated to
create about 8 million direct jobs which support over 45 million people.
Comments
Post a Comment